1⃣️(Connel) traditional hegemonic faded to (Schauer) Complicit / Marginalized masculinity, women powerful

• Complicit: Changes in gender roles within the family
• Marginalised: (Benyon) crisis of masculinity (breadwinner) due to globalisation
  • unemployment/lose of manual job
  • relatively low education level
  • rise of female friendly service industries

2⃣️the rise of ‘new men’, metrosexual (media representations)

3⃣️Increased prominence of alternative gender identities (gay, transgender)

• Benyon: retributive masculinity’s as result, firmly patriarchal aggressive oppositional reclamational
• Biological, Functionalism and the ‘instrumental’ male
• Evidence that new forms of masculinity are less common in some parts of the world
• economic