(Neo-Marxist) Subcultures: Miller/Willis, working class subculture bring trouble (violence). Organic/mechanical solidarity, only similarities of being in that community but not recognition and interdependence

Under-socialisation: insuccessful to internalise values, can’t judge behaviour. Feral children

Cultural deprivation: value edu, immediate grat, cultural capital, determinism

Marginalisation, power and labelling

Marxists: resistance anger, economic base determines superstructure, against capitalism, revolution = deviance

Social exchange and control, Homans

Biological